20110331

Who's Your Audience?

In curating a small University presenting program our mission was to provide "gateway" performing arts experiences for students. We wanted to introduce them to a variety of performing arts disciplines and genres within those disciplines. It's not that the students hadn't been exposed to the performing arts before, but most of their experiences were usually tied to popular media or a narrow frame of reference. There was no expectation that every student would suddenly become an "aficionado", of lets say modern dance, but that they would have some sense of what the art form had to offer. For some it may become a part of a life long relationship with an art form or culture, for most it's just an interesting night out with friends. Either way, we wanted it to be a positive and enriching experience well worth the time and effort to attend.

The presenting program also provided an opportunity for those in theater and music programs to participate in workshops and master classes with professional artists. These "hands-on" experiences supported classroom room activities by broadening and deepening their experience.


The performing arts series was not just for students, but also the faculty, staff and community of the greater University community. Finding commonality among different age groups, education levels and experience can be challenging. One common denominator across disciplines we looked for was the artists ability to engage with our audience. It was important to identify access points, a degree of familiarity or reference point if you will, that the audience would instinctively connect to. Sometimes it was tradition, other times topical and often entertainment based.


As we were presenting "gateway" experiences, the importance of points of access can not be overemphasized. Any audience, but especially college students lose interest quickly if they don't get "it", whatever "it" is. I remember attending a performance that students literally ran out of the theater at the first hint that the program was over. It was a traditional Chinese opera of high artistic quality, but the students had no basis for understanding the culture, the language or the vocal technique presented. For the students it was a less than positive introduction to that particular Chinese culture let alone Opera. I'm not suggesting we don't challenge our audiences, but that when we do that we create context in the classroom, with pre show lectures or previous presentations that prepare the audience for more demanding material. 


Pre show lectures, workshops and master classes are also a great way to provide outreach into the greater University community. Not all artists offer these programs, but University communities are rich with individuals with in-depth knowledge that can be leveraged to add value to just about every performance. Taking artists and university personnel into communities breaks down barriers to participation and creates valuable relationships for future collaborations.

Making it a positive experience for students also means delivering great customer service. It should include making it easy for them to buy tickets, being able to sit with their friends and having access to the best seats. Allot of University presenters provide discount tickets for their students, which is great, but they often only allow one ticket per student i.d.; meaning if you want to sit with your friends you're likely to wait until the last minute and buy tickets at the door. Waiting last minute has several consequences. The group may change its mind and decide to do something else (and students do attend in small groups, they are heavily influenced by peer groups). Buying at the door can also mean long lines at the ticket office for everyone, which is not the experience we want our patrons to have. Why not let a student buy several tickets with one i.d.? What's the worse that can happen....the student might bring a non-student to attend the performance...sounds like a great recruiting tool to me.

In addition, why discount tickets for students to make it easier for them to attend and then have them sit off by themselves in the cheap seats? From my perspective part of the value of attending a performance is the opportunity for students, faculty/staff and community members to come together in a social setting. Different age and social groups have different expectations of behavior. Given the opportunity to interact or just watching other interact creates valuable social experience and contributes to social equity. Pre and post show events were especially meaningful as views from many different perspectives were shared. in a respectful and usually non-judgmental manner.

Regardless of whether you present performing arts through a University, a community organization or for-profit business, the key is to know your audience. What is it that they want from you, why should they trust you to deliver the experience they want at a price they are willing to pay (even if it's free, they still have to leave the comfort of home!). Learn more about audience segmentation in the study led by Alan Brown commissioned by 14 major university presenting programs.

Let's continue to think about who our different audiences are, its the key to delivering great value.


20110320

The more things change...

I came across this article in the New York Times  "Arts Presenters Shift From the Serious To the Profitable" dated 1992. It sounds remarkably similar to conversations going on in the arts today. The more things change the more they stay the same.

20110319

Benefits of the participating in the arts

To start off, I thought we should review some of the benefits of participating in the performing arts. As arts presenters, we sometimes lose sight of what business were in. We get so caught up in the day to day activities we forget the why behind what we do. I would argue there is a good "chunk" of our activity has little to do with the arts at all. There are lots of ways to create economic activity, create community vitality or improve test scores. And its not that the arts don't contribute to these public goods, its just not intrinsic to the arts experience. In fact many of the well meaning actions actually compromise and diminish the impact of attending a live performance.

The Rand Corporation published a series of studies that I have found useful in thinking about the benefits of participation in the Performing Arts. Many of you will be familiar with them but I share them here as part of the foundation of "an idealized" presenting program.

If you haven't read them, they are well worth the time, here's the links:


McCarthy et al make the case that instrumental benefits are derived from the personal intrinsic benefits individuals experience. Intrinsic benefits identified include "captivation", "pleasure", "expanded capacity for empathy", "cognitive growth", "social bonds" and "expression of communal meaning".

They conclude that more emphasis should be placed on cultivating demand by first creating "gateway" experiences that are positive and meaningful. These gateway experiences are especially effective during childhood and creates an openness to further participation. As we get older, gateway experiences involve a much greater social component and often occur through friends, family and social networks.

Continued participation is dependent on access to ongoing high quality experiences, the individual develops knowledge and familiarity of different art forms they are drawn to. Some are drawn to music, some to dance and others to theater. And within each discipline there is a wide range of experiences from the experimental to the traditional. As example, jazz encompasses a number of styles each appealing to a unique subset of the "jazz audience". And although some individuals are omnivores enjoying several styles, most have a favorite they are drawn to.

It has always amazed me how different audiences are from one discipline to the next. The audience for a classical concert has a much different "vibe" than that of a modern dance performance. Even with in the same discipline, a very different audience is "Waiting for Godot" than takes "39 Steps".  Different people, different expectations, different interactions.

As presenters, we are responsible to both the artists and the audience for creating a context that the needs of each are aligned with one another. We make choices as to which audiences to serve (or which artists), those choices have consequences to both the quality of the experience and ongoing viability of the organization. Different choices require different levels of capital, exchanges and channels of communication. How well we align our facilities, our business processes and our people with our intended purpose is key to creating value in the marketplace.

An effective and efficient organization begins with being clear who the customer is. As much as I support the idea of "arts for everyone", expecting one organization to provide arts programming for the whole community is unrealistic. Effective organizations make choices.

I think we too often think of arts audiences as a cohesive one dimensional group; that has not been my experience. What's your experience?

20110317

Welcome!

As many of you know, the National Endowment for the Arts Chairperson, Rocco Landesman, received lots of attention early in 2011 for comments on supply and demand in the arts. Regardless of whether or not you agree with his perspective, I think everyone agrees the discussion is healthy.

In Re-Creating the Corporation (affiliate link), Russel Ackoff presents the concept of "Idealized Design", in other words, what would your organization be, right now, if it could be whatever it wanted to be. Think about it, what would it mean to you and your organization if you could start from scratch, create a "perfect world"?

What would your perfect world look like? How would you get there? The purpose of this blog is to explore what that might mean for different kinds of arts presenting organizations. The blog name, the Profitable Performing Arts Presenter reflects the need for sustainable approaches to providing meaningful performing arts experiences that have impact and adapt to changing economic realities. I hope you'll join the conversation!